Techniques of motivation

 In order to create effective motivation, the trainer or instructor should avoid the precipitous path of negative reinforcement. In general attention should be paid to the consistent use of reinforcement to promote positive types of behaviour and achievement through encouragement. In appropriate behaviour and errors should be largely ignored. In addition, the following steps may be taken to create effective motivation:

•    Unambiguous objectives and a clear view of the subject as a whole makes the learner’s motivation increased.

 •   Connection with the learner ’s own interests and elucidation of ways in which the results of his learning can be put to practical use.

 •    Setting of tasks with a moderate degree of difficulty and a flexible range of difficulty. This results in a challenge to make an effort as well as the experience of success in learning.

 •   Interesting and challenging formulation of questions:

a   Creating surprise

b   Producing uncertainty c   Raising objectives,

d   Provoking learners by taking an extreme point of view

e   Arousing doubts, setting conflicting requirements

 •    Stimulation of independent learning by extending the periods of independent activity during learning process. Appropriate methods include goup discussion, individual and group work, projects, role- playing etc.

 •   Feed back concerning learning success which encourages positive reinforcement of learning.

 Learning starts with what learner knows, and not what the instructor / teacher knows or starts.

 

“Learning is change in behaviour”

 •   What learning means.

 •   Focal area in psychology of learning.

 •   Needs of learner.

 •   Learning materials.

 •   Learning methods.

 •   Readiness to learn.

 •   Methods of Instruction.

 •   Learning by interaction.

 •   Environment.

 •   Psychological factors.

 •   Types of learning.

 •   Factors affecting learning process.