Learning is a process by which an individual acquires various habits, knowledge, skill and attitude that are required for meeting certain objectives. Learning changes the behaviour of individuals.

For simple job initial learning is fast and the learning curve shows steep rise (Fig 3). The curve becomes flat as learning slow down. For simple tasks, steep initial rise in performance and study of flattening of performance is the main objective for complex skill, there may be number of flattening which refers to hold up or fatigue in the process.

 Learning situation

Learning situation that provides necessary atmosphere required for the acquisition of knowledge, attitudes and skills. If any one of these is not satisfactory it affects the effective learning. The learning situation provides opportunity for learning. The learning situation determines the quality and speed to provide good learning situation to the learner.

Needs of learner

Learning can take place in response to the needs of the learner. When the learner knows the needs of learning, the learning will be more effective. The instructor should display their needs, then only they can make them to start learning.

Learning materials (content)

It is the content to be learnt by the learner. It should be according to the mental level of the trainees. The content should be presented in a language that could be understood by the learner. If the content is in their own mother tongue / Regional language the learning will be more effective.

The learning methods

Comprehensive (understanding) learning is better that cursory (Hasty) learning. Whole learning is better than part learning. Self evaluation, periodical revision, repetition of learning and altering modes (manner) of learning are much important. Learning by trial and error needs good amount of energy. The method of learning also depends on the age maturity.

Readiness for learning

For learning readiness is the most important factor. Learning is based on physical, social, intellectual and emotional growth. It is very important that the learners readiness should be ascertained before starting learning process. The instructor should know the maturity back ground of the learners for certain kind of learnings. In mass education teaching, this is not possible to achieve. Readiness of all trainees may vary from each other as such some may be ready and some may not be and this kind of individual differences can’t be avoided.

Method of instruction

The instructional methods affects the learning process. If the instructional method is not related to the requirements of learner, the learning will be ineffective. The method of instruction should be in cognizance (knowledgeable) to the instructional objectives. The method of teaching should not be mechanical. The active participation of the trainees in the teaching, accelerates the absorption of what trainees learnt. For effective and faster learning teaching and training aids may be used. Training aids help the learner to retain better from what the trainees have learnt. Remedial instructions helps the backward trainers.

Learning by interaction

When a learner feels the needs of the objectives to be learn and to achieve the goal set for themselves they learn by interacting in their learning situation. This process of responding to the situation enables them feeling satisfaction for what they have learnt.

Environment

Physical, residential and social environment is very important. Outside the institute the trainee must have facility to apply the knowledge and skill. It is necessary for instructor and the institute administration to develop and create healthy and congenial environment which can bring about good qualities and character in the trainees. The environment helps the trainees in future to become good craftsman and better citizens.

Psychological factors

Learning is a process involving communication between the trainee and instructor. Cordial relationship provide security and trainees attention. Psychological factor helps improving self-expression, self ascertain and satisfaction. Personality requirements are quite important for efficient learning. Discipline, attitude of instructor, ability of administrators and involvement of all these connections are equally important for providing better learning conditions.